Your Best Defense Against Breast Cancer: Why Regular Screenings Matter

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women globally, affecting over two million individuals annually. In Singapore, it’s the leading cancer diagnosis and cause of cancer-related deaths in women, with around 1,800 new cases reported each year. The good news? Early detection through regular screenings can significantly improve survival rates and lead to more effective, less invasive treatments.

The reality of breast cancer

Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast grow abnormally and uncontrollably, forming a malignant tumour. While the majority of cases are in women, men are also at risk, accounting for about 1% of breast cancer diagnoses. Breast cancer remains a significant health issue: 

• Global Impact: In 2020, an estimated 2.3 million women were diagnosed worldwide, with 685,000 fatalities.
• In Singapore: Approximately 1 in 13 women in Singapore will develop breast cancer.
• Survival Rates: According to the Singapore Cancer Registry’s 2017 report, Stage I breast cancer patients have a five-year survival rate of 90%, while Stage II patients have an 80% survival rate.
• Reduction in Mortality: Regular mammograms have been shown to reduce the risk of dying from breast cancer by 41% within ten years. They also lead to a 25% decrease in advanced breast cancer cases, meaning early detection significantly enhances survival chances.

Know your risk: Factors that can increase chances of breast cancer

While anyone can develop breast cancer, certain factors heighten the risk:

• Age: Risk increases with age, particularly for women over 50.
• Family History: Having close relatives with breast cancer can double your risk.
• Previous Diagnosis: A history of breast cancer increases the chance of recurrence.
• Genetic Mutations: BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations account for 5-10% of breast cancer cases. BRCA gene mutations can increase breast cancer risk by up to 85%. If you have a strong family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may help guide preventive measures. Depending on your risk, options might include more frequent screenings, medications, or even preventive surgeries.
• Dense Breast Tissue: Higher density can make detection harder and elevate risk.
• Lifestyle Factors: Obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can all contribute.
• Reproductive History: Early menstruation (before 12) or late menopause (after 55) increases hormonal exposure and risk.

Signs you shouldn’t ignore: Key symptoms of breast cancer

Regular self-examinations are crucial in detecting early changes in your breasts. Keep an eye out for:

• Lumps or thickening in the breast or underarm.
• Changes in breast size or shape.
• Skin dimpling, redness, or rashes on the breast.
• Nipple inversion or unusual discharge.
• Persistent pain in the breast or armpit.
• Swelling near the armpit or collarbone.

Why regular screenings can save lives

Screenings can detect breast cancer before any symptoms appear, greatly increasing survival rates and improving treatment outcomes.

• Early Detection Matters: The five-year survival rate for early-stage breast cancer exceeds 90%.
• Less Aggressive Treatments: Early detection often allows for less invasive treatments.
• Better Quality of Life: Early treatment reduces the overall impact on your daily life.

Types of breast cancer screenings

Here are the key types of breast cancer screenings available in Singapore:

• Mammograms: Low-dose X-rays can detect breast cancer up to two years before it’s palpable. Women aged 50 and above should undergo a mammogram every two years, while women aged 40 to 49 should consider annual screenings.
• Breast Ultrasound: This test distinguishes between solid lumps and fluid-filled cysts.
• Breast MRI: Often recommended for those with a high genetic risk, this test provides detailed imaging using magnetic fields.
• Genetic Testing: BRCA gene testing can identify those at higher risk and guide preventive measures.

Healthy lifestyle habits to lower your risk of breast cancer

While some risk factors are beyond your control, making healthy lifestyle choices can help reduce your risk of breast cancer:

• Maintain a Healthy Weight: Strive for a healthy BMI.
• Exercise Regularly: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week.
• Limit Alcohol: Even small amounts can increase breast cancer risk. Stick to one standard drink per day.
• Eat a Balanced Diet: Focus on fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Breastfeed: If possible, breastfeeding has been shown to slightly reduce breast cancer risk.

Take action now to protect your health

Stay informed about screening guidelines and perform regular self-exams to catch any early changes. If you notice anything unusual, consult your doctor immediately. Taking charge of your health through these simple steps can make a big difference in early detection and treatment.