Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Self-Checks, and When to Seek Medical Advice
Testicular cancer is a rare but important concern for men, particularly those aged 15 to 35. In Singapore, while it accounts for less than 1% of all male cancers, early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes. By understanding the symptoms, performing regular self-checks, and seeking timely medical attention, men can take charge of their health.
Although uncommon, testicular cancer demands attention due to its significant outcomes when caught early. Singapore’s healthcare system is well-equipped with advanced diagnostic and treatment options, ensuring high survival rates. Globally, the five-year survival rate for early-stage testicular cancer exceeds 95%, and Singapore is no exception.
Are you at risk?
While testicular cancer can affect anyone, some men face higher risks based on specific factors. Understanding these risks helps in taking preventive steps and staying vigilant.
Key Risk Factors:
- Age: Most cases occur in men aged 15 to 35, though it can develop at any age.
- Family History: A close relative (father or brother) with testicular cancer raises your risk.
- Undescended Testicle (Cryptorchidism): Men with a history of one or both testicles not descending properly are at greater risk, even if corrected surgically.
- Personal History: Men who’ve had testicular cancer in one testicle are more likely to develop it in the other.
- Ethnicity: Globally, Caucasian men are more prone to testicular cancer than Asian or African men.
While having these risk factors doesn’t mean testicular cancer is inevitable, being aware helps guide better health choices, including regular self-checks.
Spotting the symptoms
Testicular cancer often begins with subtle signs, which makes awareness critical. Watch for:
- A painless lump or swelling in one testicle.
- A feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the scrotum.
- Dull aches in the groin or lower abdomen.
- Noticeable changes in the size, firmness, or shape of a testicle.
- Sudden fluid buildup in the scrotum.
Keep in mind, these symptoms can also stem from non-cancerous conditions like infections. Regardless, don’t delay — consult a doctor to rule out serious concerns.
For convenience, you can schedule a teleconsultation with a GP to discuss your symptoms. The doctor can assess your condition, recommend tests if appropriate, and provide guidance on follow-up care, including a referral to a specialist if necessary. Make self-checks a monthly health habit
A simple self-exam can go a long way in catching testicular cancer early. Here’s how to do it right:
- Pick the right moment: Perform the check during or after a warm shower when the scrotum is relaxed.
- Inspect and feel: Gently roll each testicle between your thumb and fingers, feeling for any lumps or irregularities.
- Look for changes: It’s normal for one testicle to hang lower or feel slightly larger. Focus on identifying new or unusual differences.
If something feels off — a lump, firmness, or an unusual change — schedule a doctor’s visit immediately.
Awareness, self-care, and timely action are key to addressing testicular cancer effectively. While regular self-checks are essential, routine health screenings play a crucial role in early detection and prevention.
If symptoms or concerns arise, healthcare providers may recommend further tests, such as ultrasounds or blood tests for tumour markers, to provide a clearer understanding of your condition. These steps are part of a broader approach to ensuring men receive the care and guidance needed for their health and well-being.