Movember 2024: Why Prostate Cancer Screening Matters for Every Man

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men, especially as they age. Movember is a time when we focus on men’s health, and in Singapore, prostate cancer awareness is a critical part of that conversation. Here’s what you need to know about prostate cancer, its risks, and the importance of early screening.

Understanding Prostate Cancer

Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer

Several factors may increase the risk of prostate cancer: 

• Age: The likelihood of prostate cancer rises after age 50.
• Family History: Men with a family history of prostate cancer are at higher risk.
• Ethnicity: Prostate cancer is more common in men of African and European descent but can affect men of all backgrounds.
• Lifestyle: Diets high in red meat and processed foods, combined with a sedentary lifestyle, may further elevate risk.

Recognising Symptoms of Prostate Cancer 

Prostate cancer may not present symptoms in its early stages. When symptoms do appear, they may include:

• Frequent need to urinate, especially at night
• Difficulty starting or stopping urination
• Weak or interrupted urine flow
• Discomfort when sitting, due to an enlarged prostate
• Blood in urine or semen, usually in advanced stages

Prostate Cancer Screening Tests and Next Steps

Screening is essential because prostate cancer often has no symptoms until it reaches advanced stages. Early detection significantly improves outcomes, with early-stage prostate cancer having a five-year survival rate of about 90%.

In Singapore, available screening tests include:

• Prostate Ultrasound: A non-invasive imaging technique to detect abnormalities when PSA levels are elevated or if other symptoms are present.
• Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This blood test measures PSA, a protein produced by the prostate. High PSA levels may indicate cancer but can also be related to non-cancerous conditions.
• Digital Rectal Examination (DRE): A physical exam where the doctor assesses the prostate for abnormalities.

After your screening, your doctor will review the results with you. If everything appears normal, they will likely recommend a schedule for routine checkups. However, if any irregularities are found, your doctor may suggest further evaluation, which could include a referral to a specialist, such as a urologist, for additional tests like imaging, blood tests, or a biopsy.

The Health Promotion Board advises men, particularly those with a family history of prostate cancer, to consider starting screenings in their 40s or earlier, as recommended by their healthcare provider.

Proactive Steps for Reducing Risk

While prevention isn’t guaranteed, certain lifestyle choices may lower risk:

• Balanced Diet: A non-invasive imaging technique to detect abnormalities when PSA levels are elevated or if other symptoms are present.
• Regular Exercise: Physical activity supports overall health and may reduce cancer risk.
• Avoid Smoking and Limit Alcohol: Both smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are linked to cancers, including prostate cancer.
• Discuss Family History: Sharing your family’s medical history with your provider can help guide screening frequency and methods.

Take Action for Your Health